четверг, 15 марта 2012 г.

Clinton: Licenses Depend on the State

Pressed anew on whether she supports granting driver's licenses to illegal immigrants, Democrat Hillary Rodham Clinton said Tuesday it depends on the state.

In a CNN interview, Clinton, a New York senator, reiterated her support for governors who must contend with large populations of undocumented workers in the absence of federal immigration reform. She then was asked whether she thinks it is a "good idea" for governors to allow illegal immigrants to obtain driver's licenses.

"It depends upon what state they're in. It depends upon what they think the risks are," Clinton said. "A governor of New York that has a lot of immigrants, …

Hippies

Hippies



Though the dictionary defines a hippie as anyone who rejects the conventional customs of society, in America the hippies were the product of the countercultural movements of the 1960s and 1970s. The word "hippie" is derived from "hipster," which was once a synonym for "beatnik." The beatniks (see entry under 1950s—Print Culture in volume 3) of the 1950s were the spiritual ancestors of the hippies, who bloomed as the flower children of the 1960s and 1970s. Both groups shared intellectual curiosity, disdain for conventional customs and morals, affinity for recreational drugs, and tastes in music, literature, and philosophy that put them outside the …

Publick Occurances

Publick Occurences art zine, Danny Martin, issue 10

Without a doubt, Publick Occurances is an art zine designed by a guy with an uncanny knack for lino printing. Posing as a miniature yearbook filled with black-and-white ink portraits of students, the zine recreates the 1925 graduating class of The Manual Training High School in Peoria, Illinois. The curious subject matter alone is worthy of a reader's attention, but the artistic merit of this little pseudo-memoir should not be overlooked: …

среда, 14 марта 2012 г.

Russia wins 2008 Eurovision Song Contest

Russian singer Dima Bilan has won the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest, beating performers from Ukraine and Greece.

Bilan won the title early Sunday with an R&B ballad "Believe" that featured a violinist and an ice dancer in the packed Beogradska Arena hall.

Bilan made a comeback two years after he settled for the second …

Oil nears Fla. beaches as BP tries risky cap move

The BP oil slick drifted close to the Florida Panhandle's white sand beaches for the first time as submersible robots a mile below the Gulf of Mexico made the latest risky attempt to control the seafloor gusher.

Even if it works, the current mission to cut a major pipe and cap it would only reduce the flow, not stop it. If it fails, it could make the largest oil spill in U.S. history even worse. The best hope for sealing the leak, until a permanent fix is possible in August, failed Saturday, when engineers were unable to plug it with heavy mud in a maneuver called a top kill.

Investors ran from BP's stock for a second day Wednesday, reacting to the top kill …

He Fights `Myth' of A Liberal Media

For the last 10 years, Norman Solomon has battled a big,fire-breathing dragon that is invisible to most people. So far, thatdragon - the conservative bias of the mainstream news media - seemsto be winning. In fact Solomon's toughest job is in convincingpeople that it really exists.

After all, as conservatives like to point out, studies show thatjournalists are a liberal bunch. So what gives?

"It's significant that the myth of the liberal media has beenpropagated largely via the media itself," Solomon says. "The samestudies show that though most reporters and working journalists voteDemocrat, as you go up the (media) hierarchy, it gets more and moreconservative, …

Reports: Laos begins work on Mekong dam

BANGKOK (AP) — Laos has quietly begun work on the first dam across the lower Mekong River even before a four-nation meeting to decide on the project that has roused critics ranging from a U.S. senator to the country's closest ally, Vietnam, an environmental group said Sunday.

The governments of Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand are scheduled to meet Tuesday to officially decide whether to construct the $3.5 billion, 1,260 megawatt Xayaburi dam in northern Laos.

But reports say Laos is already moving ahead on the project.

"We have been informed by local people that a road is being built as preparation for work on the Xayaburi dam. We have heard about this for some …

South Korea tops China at the ovals

It started with a water bottle thrown in anger during Olympic training and has continued in Vancouver's speedskating arenas, where South Korea has won three gold medals to pour water onto its often heated rivalry with China on the ice.

Lee Sang-hwa extended South Korea's domination of the Asian rivalry so far at these games by winning gold in the 500 on the Richmond Olympic Oval on Tuesday, an upset win over world record-holder Jenny Wolf and China's Wang Beixing.

"I am now the best," Lee said.

Combined with Mo Tae-bum winning the men's 500 on Monday, South Korea's sprint sweep left it in second place of the overall medal table with …

Tips help to display large volume of novels

Books are wonderful items of inspiration and entertainment.

Many of us book lovers are finding ourselves running out of shelfspace and wondering how to display these wonderful treasurers intoour decor.

Here are a few ideas on how to display and store your bookswithout having to line every available wall in your home withbookcases: A stack of favorite books carefully placed next to yourfavorite reading chair is an ideal way to put them into a room. Notonly are they readily available for you to page through, but theyalso make a handy spot to rest a pair of glasses, a cup of tea or aquick snack. But remember, just as you would with any fine piece offurniture, be sure to …

Bangladeshi beggars to be paid during WCup

DHAKA, Bangladesh (AP) — A southeastern city in Bangladesh will pay local beggars to stay off the streets during next month's cricket World Cup.

Chittagong mayor Manzurul Alam said Sunday that the city will pay about 300 physically disabled beggars up to 150 takas ($2.11) a day.

"Initially, it will continue for three months till end of April," Alam told The Associated Press. "We are planning to permanently rehabilitate them after that."

Chittagong, the second largest city in Bangladesh, is located 135 miles (215 …

Pelosi, McConnell give different views on stimulus

Democratic House Speaker Nancy Pelosi on Monday urged state lawmakers to lobby for House-passed initiatives endangered in the Senate, while Senate GOP leader Mitch McConnell complained congressional Democrats were out of touch with voters.

The two leaders gave starkly different assessments of the country's current course in partisan-tinged speeches at the annual meeting of the National Conference of State Legislatures. Their comments to the bipartisan gathering previewed potential election-year attacks by both parties in their struggle for control of Congress.

Pelosi credited last year's $787 …

S.C. visitors center on horizon: Building will be constructed in park

DAILY MAIL STAFF

Two years and a half dozen sites after it started searching, thecity of South Charleston finally has some palpable proof that avisitors center is on the horizon.

But, if the current plan becomes reality, it certainly won't be inthe form city officials had once envisioned.

A preliminary artist rendering of a building that would house thelong-awaited South Charleston welcome center and possibly the city'smuseum has been released. The facility would be built by Dow ChemicalCo., along with a three-acre park that would be a tribute to UnionCarbide Corp.'s 70-year stay in the area.

"The Dow donation and the property itself is a wonderful …

Report: Iran may commute woman's stoning sentence

TEHRAN, Iran (AP) — An Iranian semi-official news agency quotes a judicial official as leaving open the possibility of commuting the sentence of death by stoning against a woman convicted of adultery.

The stoning sentence against Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani has drawn international condemnation and has been suspended for now.

The semi-official Fars news agency reported Sunday that judicial official Malek Ajdar Sharifi was asked whether the stoning sentence could be commuted and responded: "Anything is possible." Sharifi is the head of justice department of East Azerbaijan, the province where Ashtiani is imprisoned.

He said Ashtiani's case took a long time to decide because "there are some ambiguities in the evidence."

вторник, 13 марта 2012 г.

INSIDE OUT

Today, the calculation of the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of a computer network needs to include not only the initial purchase costs of hardware and software, but also what is spent on setting-up, updating, securing and maintaining that system for peak productivity.

"A company's IT budget can be eaten away quickly by system management costs," says Jay Tipton, vice president and cofounder of Technology Specialists, (Tspec). "A majority of our work has been reactive - addressing and solving problems after they've already surfaced."

That's why the Fort Wayne-based firm has launched a new Internet-based service, called IT Service Saver TM. Initially designed to reduce the time to repair a computer problem, the service combines the benefits of remote monitoring software and electronic helpdesk ticketing, to make system management simpler, easier, more efficient and significantly less expensive.

Performance Assurance

"With IT Service Saver, we've developed a more proactive approach to monitoring a network, as well as individual workstations," explains Tipton. "If a client with Internet access - either dialup or broadband - is having a computer problem, we can access their machine quickly, take a look at what's going on, and most often, remotely service their equipment and fix the problem. It reduces the amount of downtime for the customer and eliminates an on-site service call, resulting in a significant savings in both time and money."

Because the service can regularly monitor each machine within a network, it can automatically generate a service request. "The system can tell when new software has been installed or whether new hardware has been added or changed," adds Donn Bly, Vice President of the high tech firm. "It can verify installed licenses for updating, produce reports for each machine, and virtually track the entire network."

Electronic Ticketing

Quite often Tspec can fix a problem before a client is even aware there is an issue. "The electronic ticketing feature can be set up so that if, for instance, a backup fails, it can automatically create an electronic ticket - a report or alert, if you will - to let us know immediately," says Tipton Electronic ticketing allows technicians to prioritize work based on customer priority "Before IT Service Saver we would often go out for a half-hour service call and be inundated with additional service requests," says Bly.

With IT Service Saver, monitoring software is linked to helpdesk electronic ticketing software. "Now customers can go into the system and take a look at past work orders to see what was done, how long it took, which one of our technicians did it, and any details pertaining to a specific incident," says Bly. "Individual users can submit specific problem reports when they think of something - in their own words, at their own convenience - via the Internet. "That ticket is in our inbox immediately and we can either fix the problem remotely or get someone out there right away to get it repaired. Work orders are archived electronically along with other documentation such as licenses and network diagrams. It's one more thing that differentiates us."

The knowledge database for each client is also easily searchable. "Part of what we're doing incorporates our software to strengthen the backend for the customer," says Tipton. "They can add service tickets, add new people, and order supplies from us - all remotely - even from offsite. It gives them more options in managing their computer systems, more control and more knowledge about what's going on in their world."

"Larger companies like it because they just submit the ticket and not worry about it," says Bly. "Tracking repeat problems is easier, especially in larger businesses where the customer has a problem with more than one computer. When it happens on a second and third computer, we can give them instructions on how to fix it and what to do to prevent it from reoccurring - saving them a lot of time, money and aggravation."

Patch Management

For individual workstations, the most common application for the service is patch management. "The software allows us to initiate the installation of operating system patches and even new software deployments in some cases, without having to have a technician onsite," says Bly. "That means we can rollout Microsoft's 'latest-and-greatest' security patch remotely, after normal business hours. That saves downtime for the customer. Plus, if we had to send technicians out to every customer to install one patch, we couldn't get to everyone fast enough - before someone's equipment might be compromised."

"To roll out patches in a small office with 10 machines or less, it used to take us about a half hour per machine," says Tipton. "The average time we would spend onsite to update security patches is about five hours, so in just patchmanagement costs alone, the customer already would spend more in one month on upgrades than what it initially cost for the software! Because of our expertise, we can utilize IT Service Saver and remotely do the same thing. Our service charge includes a monthly push of critical security patches."

Security

IT Service Saver does not breach company firewalls, violate individual workstation privacy, or increase exposure for the client to attacks via the Internet. "It was designed not to open up holes in a firewall, so we're not creating extra security issues," assures Tipton. "The software creates a connection from the office-out, not the other way around."

"The information that travels over the Internet while we are servicing the client is encrypted," says Bly. "Customers also have the ability to enable or disable the remote access to the desktop."

Price

IT Service Saver also offers customized service packages to fit any business' budget. "We spent a year-and-a-half of research and development to determine the best software Packages for our customers," says Tipton. "Our company has invested over a quarter of a million dollars in IT Service Saver. Basically, the monthly charge to our customers for this service is only about $10 per machine. In most markets, that's the same price as dialup Internet access."

Tipton points out that IT Service Saver

works well for businesses of all sizes. "Wherever there is Internet access, IT Service Saver can work," he says. "For clients who travel, that means we can work on their laptop remotely and for companies with off-site locations, we can access those machines or networks, as well. Many of our Clients are professionals: doctors, dentists, lawyers, CPAs, small-business owners, etc."

"It's a win-win for everybody," says Tipton. "IT Service Saver saves customers money because it cuts their costs. We can now support more machines with fewer people and provide better service. And instead of waiting to see a problem from the outside-in, we can see it from the inside out."

Baron Davis on verge of signing with Clippers

Baron Davis is on his way home.

A day after Davis shocked the Golden State Warriors by opting out of the final season of his contract to become a free agent, the big-game point guard is on the verge of signing a long-term deal with the Los Angeles Clippers.

Though Davis refused to directly confirm his agent's declaration to The Los Angeles Times that they have agreed to sign a five-year, $65 million deal with Golden State's Pacific Division rivals, he left no doubt about his upcoming move back to his native Southern California.

Davis can't sign with the Clippers until July 9, but he already was speaking about the Warriors in the past tense Tuesday night before attending the Bay Area premiere of "Made in America," a documentary he produced about gang life in Los Angeles. He grew up in a tough neighborhood before attending a ritzy high school in Santa Monica and later starring at UCLA.

"It's tough, but you have to do what's best," said Davis, his usually bushy beard trimmed short below large black-rimmed glasses. "You have to do what's fair. I'm happy with where I'm going. A big reason is because of the impact and the things that I can do going forward. I knew I could have done them here and created all kinds of good things and positive things in the community, and ultimately, me going home helps me make an impact on young kids."

The 29-year-old Davis has never made a secret of his desire to play in his hometown near the film industry. Davis and the Warriors recently held negotiations on a long-term contract extension, but Golden State apparently kept its offers lower and shorter than what the Clippers were willing to pay.

"I wanted to be here for a long time," claimed Davis, who lives in San Francisco, across the bay from the Warriors' Oakland headquarters. "(The Bay Area) is home. I still consider this home. The fans have done nothing but encourage, congratulate and support everything that I've ever done. ... I just took what was best for me."

The Clippers were quick to pounce, offering a long-term deal to the oft-injured, playmaking point guard who helped transform the Warriors' fortunes in just 3 1/2 seasons with the club.

Davis averaged 21.8 points, 7.6 assists and 4.7 rebounds while playing in all 82 games last season for the Warriors, who led the NBA in scoring and finished with 48 wins _ the best record by a non-playoff team in recent league history. Most of the club's core was due back for next season, but now Golden State will move on without its leader.

A year earlier, Davis was the catalyst for Golden State's trip to the second round of the playoffs, ending a 12-season postseason drought. The run was highlighted by a stunning upset of top-seeded Dallas in the first round. With back-to-back strong seasons, Davis cemented his reputation as a clutch scorer and team leader despite a minor squabble with coach Don Nelson late in the Warriors' unsuccessful playoff run last spring.

On Monday, Davis surprised the league by opting out of the final year of his long-term contract, turning down $17.8 million for next season to become an unrestricted free agent. He cited only vague reasons for the decision Tuesday night, but Davis could have been upset by Nelson's recent vows to play the Warriors' young players more next season, even at the expense of a few victories.

Clippers forward Elton Brand and swingman Corey Maggette also opted out of their contracts on Monday, but Los Angeles is expected to make a strong push to re-sign Brand, who also fancies himself a filmmaker. Brand said he plans to stay with the Clippers despite his decision, even if he must accept a contract below the NBA maximum for free agents.

With Davis and Brand, the Clippers _ who won just 23 games last season _ would have a talented core, albeit a middle-aged group by NBA standards, and one with significant injury histories.

"If it wasn't for the Bay Area, I don't know where I would be," said Davis, picked third overall by the Charlotte Hornets in 1999. "When I came from New Orleans, I was injured. I didn't know if I would ever be able to really reclaim any type of basketball prowess, and from the time I walked to that table against the Detroit Pistons (for the first game), I always knew that I could accomplish anything here."

Davis' abrupt departure throws the Warriors' offseason plans into flux. For starters, they don't have a starting point guard, though Monta Ellis has long been expected by Nelson to assume the role eventually.

Top basketball executive Chris Mullin, who didn't return a phone call seeking comment, has said he will retain restricted free agents Ellis and Andris Biedrins at any price.

With Davis spurning the club, Golden State now has additional room under the salary cap to pursue a free agent, though few major names are available. The Warriors already are known to be interested in Washington guard Gilbert Arenas, who played his first two NBA seasons in Oakland but can make more money with the Wizards.

Famous Spanish restaurant El Bulli shuts, for now

ROSES, Spain (AP) — El Bulli, one of the world's most acclaimed and award-winning eateries, is preparing to serve its last supper on Saturday.

For more than half of the 24 years that virtuoso chef Ferran Adria has been in charge of its kitchen, the restaurant has maintained the almost unattainable Michelin three-star status and been rated the world's best restaurant five times by British magazine The Restaurant.

After a final dinner and drinks party for faithful clients and staff families, Adria will close down the restaurant and begin turning it into a top level cuisine foundation he hopes to open in 2014.

"People think I should be sad but I feel the happiest man in the world," said Adria. "El Bulli is not closing. It's just transforming."

He himself will not be sitting at a table for dinner on the final night.

"No, I'll be cooking!" he said.

El Bulli's location in a beautiful and isolated seaside cove on Spain's far northeastern tip inspired Adria, who started off as a hotel dishwasher, to think about the essence of what makes food taste delicious, prompting him to deconstruct ingredients to what he calls the molecular level.

He would then reconstruct each dish using unexpected re-combinations of the original components, presenting them in mouthful-sized portions.

Most required instructions on how to eat them, sometimes with bare hands.

Food took on unexpected shapes, textures and temperatures as the chef used liquid nitrogen to produce vegetable or fruit foam, airy, ethereal reincarnations of solid food, combining seaweed and tea, or caviar with jellied apples.

His "bunuelo de llebre" is a small ball whose external surface is a chilled delicate pastry that conceals "hot liquid hare which you must bite into with your lips closed," enabling its caramel-like taste to explode inside your mouth.

The restaurant's average price of €270 ($388) per head — not including drinks, tax or tips — was another of its distinctive features.

The diner could boast more than a million reservation requests yearly at a place that seated just 50 and opened for dinner only, usually just six months a year.

The other six months were used by Adria to travel the world in search of ideas and then to conceive and painstakingly practice preparing dishes that have astounded gastronomy critics and dedicated foodies alike.

"El Bulli will be opening again, just not for reservations," said Adria at a farewell press conference in the rock garden outside his restaurant surrounded by dozens of colleagues, former and current.

Among them were some of the most famous chefs to come out of the restaurant — current world No.1 Rene Redzepi of Denmark and Chicago's Grant Achatz.

"For me the spirit of this place has always been its freedom," said Redzepi, adding that "the courage and bravery" with which they work in his Noma restaurant "came from here. It was like finding a treasure."

Four of the world's top five chefs trained at the center, which takes is named from a pet bulldog owned by the German couple who first established a restaurant in the idyllic Cala Montjoi cove back in the late 1950s.

At 49, the master of what became known as "molecular cuisine" says he and his crew need to replenish their inspiration to come up with something new.

"There comes a time for change in everything so that we can maintain creativity," he said. He added that the foundation "will create every day" and present its findings free to the world online.

Besides functioning as a think-tank and laboratory with the best chefs and food experts from around the world, Adria said the new establishment would be open for visits to everyone, from multinational executives to school kids. He said it would also be organizing benefit meals for charities and NGOs.

On the final menu were 50 dishes with intriguing names like "Clam Meringue," ''Olive Spheres," and "Hot Cold Gin Fizz."

At the press conference Adria was presented with a giant-sized white nougat sculpture of a bulldog, in memory of the "bulli" — a local Catalan word — that inspired a name that is now legendary in the culinary firmament.

Blue Jays Nip Mariners in 14 Innings

TORONTO - Bengie Molina's RBI single in the 14th inning lifted the Toronto Blue Jays over the Seattle Mariners 7-6 Saturday.

Scott Downs (3-0), Toronto's ninth pitcher of the game and the last in the bullpen, pitched the 14th to get the victory. Blue Jays starter Roy Halladay allowed four runs and eight hits in six innings.

Lyle Overbay doubled off Emiliano Fruto (0-1) with one out in the 10th before Molina drove him in with a base hit down the left-field line.

Molina, Troy Glaus and John McDonald homered for the Blue Jays, who have won just four of their last 10 games.

Toronto led 6-4 in the eighth when Seattle's Richie Sexson and Carl Everett hit consecutive homers off Brandon League to tie it.

Raul Ibanez homered and drove in four runs for the Mariners.

Ibanez hit a two-run drive off Halladay in the fourth, but Toronto scored four runs in the bottom half on Molina's two-run homer and McDonald's two-run shot off Jamie Moyer - McDonald's first homer since Aug. 9, 2004, for Cleveland at Toronto.

Halladay uncharacteristically allowed Seattle to tie it after being given a two-run lead. Adrian Beltre tripled to left in the fifth and scored on Ibanez's two-run triple off the center-field wall.

League, recently recalled from Triple-A Syracuse, pitched to just two batters - Sexson and Everett, who tied it.

Moyer allowed six runs and 12 hits in 6 1-3 innings.

Notes:@ The Blue Jays disinfected their clubhouse after being forced to place right-hander Ty Taubenheim on the 15-day disabled list Saturday with an infection in his left foot, the second Toronto player to be placed on the DL because of a staph infection. RF Alex Rios still hasn't rejoined the club since suffering a staph infection in his lower left leg in late June. ... Mariners CF Adam Jones is 0-for-7 since being recalled prior to Friday's game. The 20-year-old Jones was hitting .277 with 14 homers and 55 RBIs at Triple-A Tacoma. ... Seattle's Ichiro Suzuki went 0-for-6 for the fourth time in his career.

UN: No food crisis looms despite Russia wheat ban

ROME (AP) — A U.N. agency says no global food crisis is looming despite the Russian wheat shortfall. But it is cautioning that food markets will remain volatile for years.

A drought in Russia that prompted the country to restrict wheat exports has helped drive up food prices globally to their highest level in two years.

But the Rome-based Food and Agriculture Organization stressed in a statement Tuesday that the elements for a food crisis, like the one whose high prices sparked violence in some countries in 2007-2008, do not appear to be there.

Despite the drop in Russian wheat production, this year's cereal harvest was the third highest on record and grain stocks are high.

Magic Beat Nuggets, Who Lose K-Mart

ORLANDO, Fla. - Keyon Dooling was never much of a 3-point shooter. The Orlando guard hit 5-of-5 from behind the arc, coming off the bench for a career-high 25 points to lift the Magic over the Denver Nuggets 108-99 on Wednesday night.

"It was a great night. The basket felt really big for me," Dooling said.

Carmelo Anthony scored 34 points, his fifth straight game with at least 30. But he committed two costly mistakes in the final 2:15, first traveling, then bobbling a pass that forced a jump ball tipped to Dooling for a lay-up and 104-97 lead with 1:03 left.

The win snapped Denver's three-game winning streak and extended Orlando's to three games.

"Our game plan was to stop Dwight (Howard), Jameer Nelson and Grant Hill, but they came off the bench, Dooling and (Carlos) Arroyo, and gave them some spark," Anthony said.

Hedu Turkoglu had 18 points and six rebounds for the Magic before fouling out, while Grant Hill added 15 points and Carlos Arroyo had 14 points, five assists and five rebounds.

J.R. Smith scored 17 points and Marcus Camby added 13 points and 12 rebounds, while Earl Boykins scored 11 for Denver.

Anthony scored 20 points in the first half on 6-of-10 shooting, but missed his first five shots (and two free throws) in the third quarter. His only basket in the period came on a goaltending call against Howard.

Orlando had trouble getting the ball to Howard, racking up several of its 26 turnovers on botched dumps inside. The forward finished with nine points and seven rebounds.

"He's going to face all those double teams in high-low situations," Magic coach Brian Hill said. "We're not doing a good job of feeding him in the ball when people are fronting him in the post."

Dooling scored 12 points - nine of them on 3-pointers - in a 15-2 run over 4 minutes that gave Orlando a four-point lead with 3:37 left in the third quarter. He added another three that gave the Magic an 11-point edge before Denver rattled off six points to end the period.

Arroyo, who also came off the bench, had five points and two rebounds and took a momentum-shifting charge in a 10-0 run over 3:19 that pulled Orlando back from an 11-point second-quarter deficit.

"The second unit was responsible tonight," Brian Hill said.

The Nuggets announced before tipoff forward Kenyon Martin would be out for the season after undergoing arthroscopic surgery on his right knee. The procedure on Wednesday revealed more significant damage than a previous MRI. The former All-Star averaged 9.5 points and 10 rebounds in two games this season, and missed a quarter of the season last year after surgery on his other knee.

Notes:@ Nuggets F Nene, sidelined since Friday with a bruised knee, remained inactive. ... Andre Miller fouled out with 3:09 left in the third quarter. He had 10 points and seven assists. ... Denver led in points in the paint (38-34) and fast-break points (23-13).

Afghan army to lead military operations, supported by US-led coalition

The Afghan army will take the lead in nearly all military operations in eastern Afghanistan this year, with U.S. troops in a support role, a top American general said.

Since the first major Afghan-led operation last July in southern Ghazni province, U.S. troops have been training their Afghan counterparts across the country to take over a larger share of the security responsibilities.

"Our intention is for all 2008 operations in Regional Command East to be led by Afghan National Security Forces with enabling assistance (fire support and medical evacuation in particular) from coalition forces," Brig. Gen. Joseph Votel, deputy commanding general for operations for American forces in Afghanistan, wrote in an e-mail Wednesday.

"It is very seldom that coalition forces do something by themselves without Afghan participation _ and the level that we are now at is Afghans leading and coalition force supporting ... and performing operations that support the (Afghan) commander," he said.

Afghanistan had a strong army under communist rule in the 1980s, but it fell apart during the civil war a decade later. A new army was formed from scratch in 2002, after the fall of the Taliban.

The Afghan Defense Ministry plans to expand its 50,000-strong army to 70,000 troops by the end of this year, though it has said an army of 200,000 would be ideal. U.S. officials are now considering a proposal to expand the Afghan army's target strength from 70,000 to 80,000.

The international community is banking on the development of the Afghan army so that it can eventually withdraw its forces. There are more than 50,000 foreign troops in the country, including about 25,000 U.S. forces.

Lt. Col. Steven A. Baker, the commander in charge of Forward Operating Base Shank in Logar province, said that he has seen the Afghan soldiers improve dramatically from "zero" just over a year ago.

"Our objective is to have them take the lead in everything, so that we're going into more of a support and education role so that our kids don't have to come here," he said.

"Their abilities on the ground, tactically, are very good," Baker said. "They're very brave soldiers. You get in a fight, and they're with you 100 percent, but the planning and logistics piece is what we're working on."

Afghanistan in 2007 saw a record year of insurgent violence. More than 6,500 people _ mostly militants _ died, according to an Associated Press count based on official figures.